How Rfid Can Revolutionize Supply Chain Management

9/24/2014 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT RFID technology is an emerging technology that has the potential to revolutionise supply chain management Anoop Kamboj (GMAY14IT066) S P JAIN SCHOOL OF GLOBAL MANAGEMENT Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2 How RFID can revolutionize supply chain management? ............................................................................. 2 Problems related to RFID .............................................................................................................................. 4 Conclusion†¦show more content†¦It provides accurate data regarding the flow of product to both retailer and manufacturer. This further enables the improvement of each stage of supply chain. Another alternative available is bar code but due to certain limitations, RFID is a better bet and hence the popularity has increased. The greatest use of RFID can be found in the area of supply chain management where the whole process can be automated and controlled. RFID can improve the supply chain process to a great extent in spite of the technological and social difficulties faced by the end user. RFID can help the implementation of the innovative processes like the Supply chain event management, corporate planning, forecasting and replenishment. RFID accelerates the processes of Supply Chain but at the same time increase the requirements between suppliers and retailers. How RFID can revolutionize supply chain management? RFID enables the process improvements in each stage of the supply chain and revolutionize the process as a whole. Dissecting the processes involved in the supply chain, the importance and the impact of RFID on roles can be discussed below as: Production Control: In production, each item is given its own RFID tag. This tag contains an EPC (Electronic product code) which contains the relevant product information like batch id, serial no. , expiry date etc.

Food and Beverage Free Essays

Answer: Food and Beverage Service is the service of Food made in the Kitchen and Drinks prepared in the Bar to the Customers (Guest) at the Food Beverage premises, which can be: Restaurants, Bars, Hotels, Airlines, Cruise Ships, Trains, Companies, Schools, Colleges, Hospitals, Prisons, Takeaway etc Food Beverage Outlets are divided in to the following categories: Restaurants: Restaurants are places where Food Drink is served. There are various types of Restaurants: All Day Dining Restaurants: They are sometimes called as Coffee Shops or Cafe in Hotels. They are usually big in size with many Covers (seats), compared to other Restaurants in the same Hotel. We will write a custom essay sample on Food and Beverage or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main reason why they are called All Day Dining Restaurant is because of their hours of operation, as they are open for Breakfast in the Morning to Lunch in the afternoon to Dinner in the Evening. Fine Dining Restaurants: Fine Dining Restaurants are characterized by their elaborate and exclusive menu with special emphasis on the very high quality food they serve. The emphasis being on fresh ingredients and natural flavors or on the type of Cuisine served, or both. Usually the operation of this restaurant revolves around the Head Chef or Chef De Cuisine of this Outlet. Specialty Restaurants: These are Restaurants which usually have a type of National or Regional Character or Cuisine attached to them, for example: Italian Specialty Restaurant, Chinese Specialty Restaurant etc. In some Hotels they do also sometimes have Multi Cuisine Specialty Restaurant, which literally means that Restaurant serves cuisine from more than one country, or the dishes on the Menu at that Restaurant has Food Specialties from many different countries. . Lounge: Lounges can be found in different hotels. Their main purpose is to offer Food Drinks in relaxed surroundings with comfortable and cozy seating in relaxed surroundings. There are many kinds of Lounges ranging from a Lounge in a Lobby, Cocktail Lounge and Cigar Lounge to Executive and Club Lounge in special Floors. 3. Bar: Bar is a place where drinks are served. There is usually a small Snacks Menu too. The serv ice is fast and quick. There are various kinds of Bars ranging from Formal bars to Club Bars, Pubs, Pool Bars, Wine Bars, Cocktail Bars, Beach Bar to Juice Bars and many more. 4. Discotheque/Nightclub: They are outlets where Music and Entertainment takes priority with the Food Drink. The operation is very fast and the guest numbers are large. Security is an important aspect in these operations. Music and entertainment can range from DJ to live bands playing. 5. Room Service/In Room Dining: Room Service, also known as In Room Dining . It is the service of Food Drink in Guest Rooms in a Hotel or a Resort. Depending on the size and type of Hotel or Resort its functions vary. 6. Meeting and Conference Rooms: Meeting and Conference rooms together with Ball Rooms come under the Banquets Conference section. They are a great source of Revenue in Food Beverage Department usually in Corporate and City Hotels. MICE (Meetings, Incentives, and Conferences Exhibitions) can alone bring much revenue in some hotels in comparison to other outlets in Hotel. 7. Ball Rooms: These are large Function Rooms which are primarily used for Functions and Weddings. The Staffing ration of Full Time Staff in this section is very less as the Function and Wedding Business can sometimes be seasonal and extra staff is usually filled in by the use of Casual Staff. This Section is the most Dynamic section in Food Beverage with the Conference Section, which is more physically demanding and creatively oriented. 8. Delicatessen: Delicatessen or Deli traditionally had been a place where fresh meat and other produce were available. Hotels nowadays use this concept of having a Deli on their premises, where guests can buy fresh produce ranging from Freshly Baked Bread, Cold Meat, Fresh Salads, Cakes, Home Made Ice creams and light and healthy drinks. 9. Others: There are many other Food Beverage outlets ranging from Fast Food Outlets to Food Courts to Snack Bars which are usually stand alone or in a shopping centre. This is just a brief introduction to Food and Beverage. Detailed information on Food and Beverage can be found at Food and Beverage Bible E Book By Santosh Koripella at: www. foodnbeveragebible. com How to cite Food and Beverage, Essay examples

Act 3, Scene 4 How would I play Malvolio Essay Example For Students

Act 3, Scene 4 How would I play Malvolio Essay First impressions are always very important and Malvolios must set his character for the whole scene. Socially during Twelfth Nights era the maid would enter a room before the guest that showed them where the room was and they often renounced the visitor the master/mistress. But given Malvolios current mood he would be so eager to speak to Olivia he may want to enter the room first. Upon my entrance I will have a sort of pushing contest with Maria in the doorframe so that I could get through first. When I actually manage to get in front of Maria I will brush my clothes haughtily with quick movements to show that Maria is below me. I will then raise my head up high to make sure that Maria understands her place. On Malvolios first line I will bend down on one knee in front of Olivia and kiss her hand twice to exaggerate my inappropriate behaviour; Malvolio is Olivias butler and does not carry the status to kiss her hand. Soon as I hear Olivia say sad occasion I will beam at her because Malvolio would think she was being sarcastic due to the letter that he received. I will raise my eyebrows on my next line and almost laugh while speaking. At the words I could be sad I will pout a bit while speaking to notify Olivia that I understand her sarcasm. I will get up then and stand facing the audience. I will also stress the word some and shake one leg towards Olivia suggestively at cross gartering and put it down immediately after. I will then sit right next to Olivia and point at her eye when I say, If it please the eye of one. Upon my final word on line 22, I will put my arm on top of Olivias knee and look down at it suggestively because Malvolio thinks that Olivia wrote the letter to confirm her affections towards him. When Olivia gets up at the bottom of the page I will mimic her rising and stand behind her (the audience will still see me perfectly as I am taller than Olivia). I will wrap my arms around her and speak. When I talk about the sweet Roman hand I will take hold of one of her hands gently and attempt to kiss it. This action will allow Olivia to get free of the irrepressible Malvolios arms and walk away. Malvolio will follow and stand near to her. Line 27 Olivia asks Malvolio if he will go to bed. This surprises Malvolio so I will react immediately and energetically with a lot of power and volume in my voice. I will also open my eyes and raise my eyebrows. When I tell her I will come to I should stroke her head down wards fairly quickly until I get to her bottom and I will slap it. Malvolio might do this because slapping someones bottom can often be used cheekily and Malvolio thinks she has just been cheeky enough to ask him to sleep with her. At line 33 I will stroll towards centre stage and fling my arms into the air bellowing, Yes, nightingales answer daws! After Maria speaks I will twirl round flamboyantly whilst saying, Be not afraid of greatness I will stride towards Olivia and nudge her hinting twas well writ smirking at the same time. Ill then put my arm tightly around her shoulder clamping our sides together and Malvolio will smile meanwhile. My words will be delivered slightly above the middle of the audience, when I say thrust because of the tight position I can swing my hip towards hers which would end up in her being pushed aside by my frivolous action. After saying line 43 I will jump excitedly giving a kick with one of my legs in the air to show Malvolios happiness at the whole situation. And wish to see thee cross gartered shall be said with a mock exhausted but merry tone as if Malvolio thinks Olivia is pretending that she cannot remember the letter she wrote to him. .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599 , .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599 .postImageUrl , .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599 , .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599:hover , .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599:visited , .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599:active { border:0!important; } .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599:active , .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599 .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf6a9515c9f0b6c919c6ae4abcd0ad599:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oedipus at Colonus - A monologue from the play by Sophocles EssayI must smile during this line otherwise the audience will think Malvolio is puzzled why Olivia cant remember the letter. At his next line Malvolio will point out each word in the air pretending he can see them in front of him. I will also prolong the word so at the end of the sentence so Olivia can easily interrupt and also so he looks more pompously ridiculous. If I drew a spiral in the air on this word it would also help emphasise the above. Immediately before Malvolio says his final line before Maria and Olivia exit I will make three clicks of my tongue as if he feels that Olivia is sillier than he realise d to forget her letter. I will say the final line as if I am completely bored out of my mind. As soon as the servant enters I will walk into centre stage and slump down while standing my face should face the audience as if I am much too bored to listen to the servant. My face should gradually come into shock as I realise what has happened but I will not be in my final facial expression till they have actually exited the room and I could gesture and mouth a final wait! but they would have already gone. There will be a blackout as soon as I have refaced the audience.

New Cultures of Japans and Chinas Young Adults free essay sample

This paper uses two sources, The Story of Noriko and Golden Arches East to examine how the younger generations from Japan and China, standing between the traditional identity and the new identity, are reacting to new cultures and mindsets. This paper demonstrates that the young generation from Japan and China has a mindset that is not quite similar to their parents and traditional societys expectations, which often cause a great deal of conflicts between the young and the old. The author shows that in The Story of Noriko the traditional Japanese society is known to frown on the increase in the number of women pursuing a significant career goal, rather than minimal tasking individual, because the conservative and relatively older generations believe that women, especially young women, are not qualified to manage the responsibilities and tasks men perform. The author uses the book, Golden Arches East: McDonalds in East Asia to describe how the life style of Chinese customers, especially the younger generations, have changed as McDonalds has entered the local Chinese society. We will write a custom essay sample on New Cultures of Japans and Chinas Young Adults or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The author concludes that, when a new lifestyle or culture develops, the young generation creates a hybrid culture to accommodate living in the 21st Century and traditional China or Japan. In The Story of Noriko, Noriko is a young woman who resides in Tokyo who is forced to encounter one of her dramatic real crisis. She is looking for a career where she can actually utilize her potentials instead of being just another Office Lady whose task is minimal and enduring without any chance of obtaining a significant position at a corporation. The traditional Japanese society is known to frown up on the increase in the number of women pursuing a significant career goal rather than minimal tasking individual, because the conservative and relatively old generations of the society believe that women, especially young women, are not qualified to manage the responsibilities and tasks men perform.

Life of Cochise, Apache Warrior and Chief

Life of Cochise, Apache Warrior and Chief Cochise (ca. 1810–June 8, 1874), perhaps the most powerful Chiricahua Apache chief in recorded times, was an influential player in the history of the U.S. southwest. His leadership came during a critical period in North American history, when shifting political relationships between Native American and European Americans resulted in a complete reconfiguration of the region. Fast Facts: Cochise Known For: Chiricahua Apache chief from 1861–1864Born: ca. 1810 in southeastern Arizona or northwestern SonoraDied: June 8, 1874 in the Dragoon Mountains, ArizonaSpouses Names: Dos-teh-seh and a second wife, whose name is not knownChildrens Names: Taza, Naiche, Dash-den-zhoos, and Naithlotonz Early Years Cochise was born around 1810, in either southeast Arizona or northwest Sonora, Mexico. He was destined for leadership: his father, most likely a man named Pisago Cabezà ³n, was the head chief of the Chokonen band, one of four bands in the Apache tribe. Cochise had at least two younger brothers, Juan and Coyuntura (or Kin-o-Tera), and one younger sister. As is traditional, Cochise received his name Goci as a young adult, which in the Apache language means his nose. There are no known surviving photographs of Cochise, who was described as a striking-looking man with black hair to his shoulders, a high forehead, prominent cheekbones, and a large, handsome Roman nose.   Cochise wrote no letters. His life was documented during a series of interviews conducted during the end of his life. The information from those interviews is somewhat contradictory, including the spelling of his name (variations include Chuchese, Chis, and Cucchisle). Education The Apaches of the 19th century followed a traditional hunting and gathering lifestyle, which they supplemented with raids when hunting and gathering alone could not feed their families. Raiding involved attacking ranches and ambushing travelers in order to steal their supplies. The raids were violent and often left victims wounded, tortured, or killed.  Although there are no specific records about Cochises education, anthropological studies and oral and written histories from the Apache community describe the learning processes for prospective warriors, which Cochise would have experienced. Young boys in the Apache world were separated from young girls and began training in the use of the bow and arrow at the age of six or seven. They played games which emphasized speed and agility, physical strength and fitness, self-discipline and independence. At 14, Cochise likely began training as a warrior, starting as a novice (dikhoe) and practicing wrestling, bow and arrow contests, and foot races. Young men played the role of trainee at their first four raids. During the first raid, they performed menial camp chores, such as making beds, cooking, and standing guard. After completing his fourth raid, Cochise would have been considered an adult. Indian–White Relations At the time of Cochises youth, the political climate of southeastern Arizona and northeastern Sonora was fairly quiet. The region was under the control of the Spanish, who had skirmished with the Apaches and other tribes in the region but settled on a policy that brought a kind of peace. The Spanish aimed to replace Apache raiding with the provision of rations from established Spanish outposts called presidios.   This was a deliberately planned action on the part of the Spanish to disrupt and destroy the Apache social system. Rations were corn or wheat, meat, brown sugar, salt, and tobacco, as well as inferior guns, liquor, clothing and other items designed to make the Native Americans dependent on the Spanish. This did bring peace, which lasted nearly forty years, until near the end of the Mexican Revolution in 1821. The war seriously depleted the treasuries, rationing broke down slowly, and disappeared entirely when the Mexicans won the war.   As a result, the Apaches resumed their raiding, and the Mexicans retaliated. By 1831, when Cochise was 21 years old, hostilities were so extensive that, unlike earlier times, nearly all of the Apache bands under Mexican influence participated in raiding and conflicts.   Early Military Career The first battle that Cochise probably participated in may have been the three-day battle from May 21–23, 1832, an armed conflict of Chiricahuas with Mexican troops near the Mogollon Mountains. Three hundred warriors led by Pisago Cabezà ³n lost after the last eight-hour battle under 138 Mexican men led by Captain Jose Ignacio Ronquillo. The following years were punctuated by a number of treaties signed and broken; raidings halted and resumed.   In 1835, Mexico put a bounty on Apache scalps and hired mercenaries to massacre them. John Johnson was one of those mercenaries, an Anglo living in Sonora. He was granted permission to track down hostiles and on April 22, 1837, he and his men ambushed and massacred 20 Apaches and wounded many more during a trading deal. Cochise was not likely present, but he and other Apaches sought revenge.   Marriage and Family In the late 1830s, Cochise married Dos-teh-seh (something at the campfire already cooked). She was the daughter of Mangas Coloradas, who led the Chihenne Apache band. Cochise and Dos-teh-seh had at least two sons- Taza, born 1842, and Naiche, born 1856. His second wife, who was from the Chokonen band but whose name is not known, bore him two daughters in the early 1860s: Dash-den-zhoos and Naithlotonz.   Cochises son Naiche, Hereditary Leader of the Chiricahua Apaches, taken by Adolph F. Muhr about 1898.   Library of Congress According to Apache custom, men lived with their wives after they married. Cochise most likely lived with the Chihenne for six to eight months. However, he had become an important leader in his fathers band, so he soon returned to Chokonen.   A (Temporarily) Settled Peace In early 1842, Cochises father - Pisago Cabezà ³n, leader of the Chokonen - was ready to sign an armistice with the Mexicans. Cochises father-in-law - Mangas Coloradas, leader of the Chihinne - disagreed. A treaty was signed on July 4, 1842, with the Apaches promising to cease all hostilities, and the Mexican government agreeing to feed them rations. Cochise drew rations with his wife in October, and Mangas, seeing that the Chokonen treaty would hold, decided to negotiate a similar treaty for his own band. In late 1842, that armistice was also signed.   This settled peace would not last long. In May of 1843, Mexican troops at Fronteras murdered six Chokonen men for no apparent reason. In late May, seven more Chiricahua men were murdered at the Presidio in Fronteras. In retaliation, Mangas and Pisago attacked Fronteras, killing two citizens and wounding another.   Deteriorating Conditions By 1844, conditions among the Apache bands in the region had deteriorated sharply. Smallpox arrived in the fall, and the supply of rations for the communities had sharply decreased. Mangas Coloradas and Pisago Cabezà ³n returned to the mountains by February 1845, and from there they conducted several raids on Sonora. Cochise would have participated in these raids.   In 1846, James Kirker, a mercenary sanctioned by the Mexican government, set out to kill as many Apaches as possible. On July 7, under the protection of a treaty, he hosted a feast at Galeana (in what is now Chihuahua state in Mexico) for 130 Chiricahuas, and then had them beaten to death in the morning. It was an ill-chosen moment, because in April of that year, fighting had broken out between the U.S. and Mexico, and Congress declared war on Mexico in May. The Apaches had a new and dangerous source of support, but they were rightly wary of the Americans.   In December of 1847, a war party of Apaches attacked the village of Cuquiarachi in Sonora and killed a longtime adversary, seven other men and six women, and captured six children. The following February, a large party attacked another town called Chinapa, killing 12 men, wounding six and capturing 42, mostly women and children.   Cochise Captured Throughout the summer of 1848, the Chokonen band carried on a siege of the fort at Fronteras. On June 21, 1848, Cochise and his Chokonen chief Miguel Narbona led an assault on Fronteras, Sonora, but the attack went awry. Narbonas horse was killed by cannon fire, and Cochise was captured. He remained a prisoner for about six weeks, and his release was only obtained by the exchange of 11 Mexican prisoners.   Apache Pass, Arizona, as viewed from Fort Bowie facing north.   Mark A. Wilson In the mid-1850s, Miguel Narbona died and Cochise became the principal chief of the band. In the late 1850s, United States citizens arrived in his country, first settling at Apache Pass, a station on the Butterfield Overland Mail Company route. For a few years, the Apaches maintained a tenuous peace with the Americans, who now provided sorely needed rations to them.   Bascom Affair, or "Cut the Tent" In early February 1861, U.S. Lieutenant George Bascom met Cochise at Apache Pass and accused him of capturing a boy who had in fact been taken by other Apaches. Bascom invited Cochise into his tent and told him he would hold him as a prisoner until the boy was returned. Cochise pulled out his knife, cut through the tent, and escaped into the nearby hills.   In retaliation, Bascoms troops captured five members of Cochises family, and four days later Cochise attacked, killing several Mexicans and capturing four Americans whom he offered in exchange for his relatives. Bascom refused, and Cochise tortured his prisoners to death, leaving their bodies to be found. Bascom retaliated by hanging Cochises brother Coyuntura and two nephews.  This event is known in Apache history as Cut the Tent. The Cochise Wars (1861–1872) Cochise became the dominant Chiricahua Apache chief, replacing the aging Mangas Coloradas. Cochises rage at the loss of his family members led to a bloody cycle of revenge and retaliation between the Americans and Apaches for the next 12 years, known as the Cochise Wars. For the first half of the 1860s, the Apaches maintained strongholds in the Dragoon mountains, moving back and forth attacking ranchers and travelers alike, and keeping control of southeastern Arizona. But after the U.S. Civil War ended, a massive influx of U.S. soldiers put the Apaches on the defensive.  Ã‚   By the late 1860s, the war continued sporadically. The worst event was an ambush and massacre by the Apaches of the Stone party in October of 1869. It was likely in 1870, when Cochise first met Thomas Jeffords (Red Beard), a stage driver for the Butterfield Overland Stage. Jeffords, who would become Cochises closest white friend, played a significant role in bringing peace to the American southwest.   Making Peace On October 1, 1872, true peace efforts were established at a meeting between Cochise and Brigadier General Oliver Otis Howard, facilitated by Jeffords. Treaty negotiations included a cessation of hostilities including raiding between the U.S. and Apaches, the safe passage of his warriors to their homes, and the creation of a short-lived Chiricahua Apache reservation, located initially in the Sulphur Spring Valley of Arizona. It was an agreement not on paper, but between two highly principled men who trusted one another.   The brigadier general Otis Howard made a lasting peace agreement with Cochise on October 1, 1872.   Hulton Archive/Getty Images The agreement did not include cessation of raiding in Mexico, however. American troops at Fort Bowie were prohibited from interfering with the Chokonens activities in Arizona. The Chokonens kept the terms of the treaty for three and a half years, but continued conducting raids in Sonora until the fall of 1873. Quotes After the Cut the Tent affair, Cochise is reported to have said: I was at peace with the whites, until they tried to kill me for what other Indians did; I now live and die at war with them.   In a conversation with his friend Thomas Jeffords, then the agent for the Chiricahua reservation, Cochise said: A man should never lie... if a man asks you or I a question we do not wish to answer, we could simply say I dont want to talk about that. Death and Burial Cochise became ill in 1871, probably suffering from abdominal cancer. He met with Tom Jeffords for the last time on June 7. In that final meeting Cochise asked that control of his band be passed on to his son Taza. He wanted the tribe to live in peace and hoped that Taza would continue to rely on Jeffords. (Taza went on to keep his commitments, but eventually, the U.S. authorities broke Howards covenant with Cochise, relocating Tazas band out of their homes and into Western Apache country.) Cochise died at the Eastern Stronghold in the Dragoon Mountains on June 8, 1874. The Eastern Stronghold in the Dragoon Mountains of southeastern Arizona. Mark A. Wilson   After his death, Cochise was washed and painted in war style, and his family buried him in a grave wrapped in blankets with his name woven into them. The sides of the grave were walled up about three feet high with stone; his rifle, arms and other articles of value were laid beside him. To give him transportation in the afterlife, Cochises favorite horse was shot within 200 yards, another killed about one mile away, and a third two miles away. In his honor, his family destroyed all the clothing and food stores they had and fasted for 48 hours. Legacy Cochise is known for his significant role in Indian-White relations. He lived and prospered by war, but died in peace: a man of great integrity and principle and a worthy leader of the Apache people as they experienced massive social change and upheaval. He is remembered as a fierce warrior as well as a leader of sound judgment and diplomacy. Eventually, he was willing to negotiate and find peace despite suffering the great loss of his family, tribe members, and way of living. Sources Seymour, Deni J., and George Robertson. A Pledge of Peace: Evidence of the Cochise-Howard Treaty Campsite. Historical Archaeology 42.4 (2008): 154–79. Print.Sweeney, Edwin R. Cochise: Chiricahua Apache Chief. The Civilization of the American Indian Series. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991. Print.- -, ed. Cochise: Firsthand Accounts of the Chiricahua Apache Chief. 2014. Print.- -. Making Peace with Cochise: The 1872 Journal of Captain Joseph Alton Sladen. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997. Print.

Martha Washington - Americas First First Lady

Martha Washington - America's First First Lady Dates: June 2, 1731 – May 22, 1802First Lady* April 30, 1789 - March 4, 1797 Occupation: First Lady* of the United States as wife of the first US President, George Washington. She also managed the estate of her first husband and, while George Washington was away, Mount Vernon. *First Lady: the term First Lady came into use many years after Martha Washingtons death and so was not used for Martha Washington during her husbands presidency or in her lifetie. Its used here in its modern sense. Also Known As: Martha Dandridge Custis Washington About Martha Washington: Martha Washington, was born Martha Dandridge in Chestnut Grove, New Kent County, Virginia. She was the eldest daughter of John Dandridge, a wealthy landowner, and his wife, Frances Jones Dandridge, both of whom came from established New England families. Marthas first husband, also a wealthy landowner, was Daniel Parke Custis. They had four children; two died in childhood. Daniel Parke Custis died on July 8, 1757, leaving Martha quite wealthy, and in charge of running the estate and household, holding both a dower portion and managing the rest during her childrens minority. George Washington Martha met the young George Washington at a cotillion in Williamsburg. She had many suitors, but married Washington on January 6, 1759. She moved that spring with her two surviving children, John Parke Custis (Jacky) and Martha Parke Custis (Patsy), to Mount Vernon, Washingtons estate. Her two children were adopted and raised by George Washington. Martha was, by all accounts, a gracious hostess who helped restore Mount Vernon from the neglect of Georges time away during the French and Indian War. Marthas daughter died in 1773 at the age of 17, after some years of suffering epileptic seizures. Wartime In 1775, when George Washington had become the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, Martha traveled with her son, new daughter-in-law, and friends to stay with George at the winter army headquarters in Cambridge. Martha remained until June, returning in March of 1777 to the Morristown winter camp to nurse her husband, who was ill. In February of 1778 she rejoined her husband at Valley Forge. She is credited with helping to keep up the spirits of the troops during this gloomy period. Marthas son Jacky enlisted as an aide to his stepfather, serving briefly during the siege at Yorktown, dying after only a few days of what was called camp fever probably typhus. His wife was in ill health, and her youngest, Eleanor Parke Custis (Nelly) was sent to Mount Vernon to be nursed; her last baby, George Washington Parke Custis was also sent to Mount Vernon. These two children were raised by Martha and George Washington even after their mother remarried a doctor in Alexandria. On Christmas Eve, 1783, George Washington arrived back at Mount Vernon from the Revolutionary War, and Martha resumed her role as hostess. First Lady Martha Washington did not enjoy her time (1789-1797) as First Lady (the term was not then used) though she played her role as hostess with dignity. She had not supported her husbands candidacy for the presidency, and she would not attend his inauguration. The first temporary seat of government was in New York City, where Martha presided over weekly receptions. The seat of government  was later moved to Philadelphia where the Washingtons lived except for a return to Mount Vernon when a yellow fever epidemic swept Philadelphia. After the Presidency After the Washingtons returned to Mount Vernon, their granddaughter Nelly married Georges nephew, Lawrence Lewis. Nellys first child, Frances Parke Lewis, was born at Mount Vernon. Less than three weeks later, George Washington died, December 14, 1799, after suffering a severe cold. Martha moved out of their bedroom and into a third floor garret room and lived in seclusion, seen only by a few of the remaining slaves and Nelly and her family. Martha Washington burned all but two of the letters she and her husband had exchanged. Martha Washington lived until May 22, 1802. George had freed half the slaves of Mount Vernon, and Martha freed the rest. Martha Washington is buried with her husband in a tomb at Mount Vernon. Legacy George Washington Parke Custis daughter, Mary Custis Lee, married Robert E. Lee. A part of the Custis estate which had passed through George Washington Parke Custis to his son-in-law was confiscated by the federal government during the Civil War, though the United States Supreme Court eventually found that the government had to reimburse the family. That land is now known as Arlington National Cemetery. When a ship was named the USS Lady Washington in 1776, it became the first US military ship to be named for a woman and was the only ship the Continental Navy named for a woman. In 1901, Martha Washington became the first woman whose image was depicted on a US postage stamp.

Nursing Profession in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing Profession in Australia - Essay Example In 1856, she pressed the need for better hygiene conditions in all military hospitals of U.K. On her insistence, Royal Commission on the Health of the Army was established. It was in 1860 when the Nightingale Training School was established on two basic principles; first, that nurses should get training in hospitals and second was that nurses should live in a home devoted to discipline and moral life. Through this school, Nightingale transformed nursing from its disreputable past to a respectable career for all. (Florence Nightingale)Nursing Profession in AustraliaIt was in 1902, that the Australian Army Nursing Service was formed and since then more than 6,700 nurses have served not only in two world wars but in the wars of Korean, Vietnam, and the Gulf wars. (South Australians†¦)Before World War II, the training and education of nurses in Australia was modelled on apprenticeship.   Students got selected on the basis of their moral and educational standards. Students were not charged for lodging, boarding or for vocational training. After completion of the training they were supposed to provide the services to the hospital. Students used to gain valuable experience under the supervision of the 'Ward Sister' in different areas. Ward Sisters were trained and qualified nurses and capable to train student nurses. The system was known as 'Nightingale System’ and got established so firmly that it remained unchanged for several decades. (National Review†¦)... (South Australians†¦) Before World War II, the training and education of nurses in Australia was modelled on apprenticeship. Students got selected on the basis of their moral and educational standards. Students were not charged for lodging, boarding or for vocational training. After completion of the training they were supposed to provide the services to the hospital. Students used to gain valuable experience under the supervision of the 'Ward Sister' in different areas. Ward Sisters were trained and qualified nurses and capable to train student nurses. The system was known as 'Nightingale System’ and got established so firmly that it remained unchanged for several decades. (National Review†¦) Another era of nursing is said to have started from 1943 that remained until 1984.That started with the pressure on old system of training. Recurring shortages of nurses was due to resignation of many practicing nurses and also due to high dropout ratio among nurses under train ing. The reasons were mainly status of nursing, their wages, and work conditions. In 1943, the Kelly committee suggested various measures to improve the status of nurses and the complete overhauling of the training of nurses. The committee further suggested to appoint sister tutors and sister instructors to all training schools at the postgraduate level and to establish a College of Nursing. (National Review†¦) Subsequently, almost 25 years later in 1967, the Institute of Hospital Matrons of New South Wales along with Australian Capital Territory came forward to appoint a Committee to look into the various aspects of nursing. The report emphasised to prepare for training on nursing

Analysis of Articles Related to Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Articles Related to Finance - Essay Example The first article is about how Asian tourists are flocking Japan. Japan has become one of the top tourist destinations. The faltering tourism in the country has been revived yet again. This time, it is because of the rise in the standard of living in the countries of Asia. Japan’s technology is a major draw for tourists. Besides this, shopping in Japan is another feature. However, the article says that the number of travelers traveling from Japan is on a decline. In my opinion, Asia's rising economy is turning out to be a reality. This has enabled high purchasing power among the Asians. This, in turn, has facilitated a rise in tourist activities. Tourism is becoming the most sought after way to promote one's country and economy. The second article is about the serial bomb blasts that have rocked India, during the last couple of days. The first series of blasts shook the city of Bangalore, on July 25th. The very next day, as many as 16 blasts took place in the city of Ahmedabad. The blasts are said to be the handiwork of Indian Mujahideen. Investigations are on. The Government is taking up serious steps to identify the culprits. In my opinion, extremist forces must be discouraged. The Government must set up dedicated intelligence forces. They should be trained extremely well. Besides this, peace and brotherhood must be propagated. Tolerance and unity must be brought about. Ultimately, innocent lives must be protected. The third article is about the Rolling Stones. They have abandoned the EMI. The EMI is a British recording label. It has been their home for the last 30 years. This defection comes after the ownership of EMI was transferred a year ago. The new owners of the label, have been openly criticized.     

Civil Disobedience Paper Essay Example for Free

Civil Disobedience Paper Essay Throughout US history, there were many occurrences performed by people that helped define American Identity. Some of the many aspects that helped evolve characteristics of American identity are civil disobedience, freedom of religion, and immigration. Historical happenings throughout time helped create how the US is today, and why certain freedoms are allowed. Civil Disobedience is one of the important aspects of american identity. Harriet Tubman played a great role in performing civil disobedience involving her freeing slaves. Harriet had a huge bounty on her head and still she rebelled against the law, rescuing more slaves. Henry David Thoreau also performed a part in the act of civil disobedience when he refused to pay taxes, because of his opposition to the Mexican-American War. He wrote an essay Resistance to Civil Government stating that citizens have the right to disobey the law if the law was considered unjust. Furthermore, Womans rights is another example of civil disobedience. Women werent treated as equal as men and were denied the right to vote. In 1848 the Declaration of Sentiments had 12 resolutions that called for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women. Overall, civil disobedience plays a huge role in American identity. Freedom of religion is another aspect that highlights american identity. Many people came to America in search of religious freedom. Colonists wanted a chance to worship freely and have a religion they wanted to take part in. When the pilgrims came to American their goal was to escape the persecution of the puritans. Later on many religions began to disperse everywhere and therefor, population began to grow in America. The Salem Witchcraft Trials, and the Great Awakening of the 1730s played a great role in influencing freedom of religion. America became a refuge for those who wanted religious freedom and became a home to the many people that had the chance to improve their lives. Overall, religious freedom is a huge aspect defining American Identity. Since before America’s founding, immigration has been part of the American identity. In 1845, potato famine in Ireland stopped plants from growing and many families were starved and wished for an escape, nearly 3.5 million Irish migrated to America during the 1820s through the1880s. The Irish weren’t the only immigrants that migrated to America. The Germans had come to America during World War 1 in order to better their lives. Immigrants with money would buy farms in the country, and immigrants with very little money would stay in the city, mainly in New York. By 1855, New York homed at least seventy percent of the New York population. Many immigrants have come to America and still have many coming in and out of our country nowadays. Overall civil disobedience, freedom of religion, and immigration are just a few of the many traits given to the US over time. Because of all these happenings that have occurred in the US, we as citizens have many rights. Here in the US we are known to have different yet unique identities, all thanks to the acts of rebelliousness and righteousness throughout US history.

The Holy Bible is Fact, Not Fiction :: Holy Bible Essays

The Holy Bible is Fact, Not Fiction The Hebrew word used for "day" is the word yom. Every other time the word is used in the Old Testament in conjunction with a number, a literal, 24-hour period of time is being described; what we know as a day. The word is never used metaphorically in the Bible. The verses most commonly used to say that the word day in Genesis could mean more than a 24 hour period are Psalm 90:4 and 2 Peter 3, which quotes Psalm 90:4. Psalm 90:4 - For a thousand years in Your sight Are like yesterday when it passes by, Or as a watch in the night. 2 Peter 3:8 - But do not let this one fact escape your notice, beloved, that with the Lord one day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years like one day. Notice the phrases "are like" and "is like." The Greek word used in 2 Peter is 3:8 for that phrase is like is the word hos, a word used in a figurative comparison - the word as. We must always keep things in the proper perspective: Science is of men; the Bible is of God (2 Timothy 3:16 - "All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness"). The almighty, all-powerful, omniscient, omnipresent God we worship obviously has the ability to create the world in an even shorter time; He could speak one word and it ALL would come into existence. He says in His Word that He created it in six days, why can't we let Him speak for Himself and take it at face value. God's Word is infallible, people ARE NOT. Exodus 20:11 - For in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, the sea and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day; therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy. Exodus 31:16-17 - 'So the sons of Israel shall observe the Sabbath, to celebrate the Sabbath throughout their generations as a perpetual covenant.' "It is a sign between Me and the sons of Israel forever; for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, but on the seventh day He ceased from labor, and was refreshed." If we were to assume that Creation lasted more than 6 24 hour days, the "sign" the second passage speaks of would be a pretty poor sign - a comparison between a 6000 year creation and our 7 day week wouldn't be very meaningful.

British Invasion: Mods, Rockers, and Social Crosscurrents

In the late 1940’s a genre of music known as ‘Rock and Roll’ has evolved in United States. ‘Rock and roll’ which was a term originally used to refer to sexual intercourse became popular in 1950’s. There are two types of rock and roll, The classic rock and roll which is the simple one while the mod (refers to ‘modern’) rock and roll refers to the modern music style. Although Beatles and Elvis Presley both revolutionized pop culture, the first was more popular compared to second.The Beatles is the best-selling musical act of all time in the United States which sold more than 106 million albums in the U. S. alone. On the other hand, Elvis Presley only sold 77 million units in the U. S. (The Recording Industry Association of America). The Beatles and Elvis Presley influence the developing mass culture by introducing a new trend for their listeners. The Beatles listeners reflected the period's changing tastes and behavior through the mu sic that the Beatles had created (Still Fab – The Beatles and their timeless influence).The Rolling Stones, an English band, is one of the Mods. In terms of album sales, they were been surpassed by the Beatles. They’ve got their bad boy images when Andrew Loog Oldham, their manager and producer, suggests setting a ‘bad boy image’ to them which captured the attention of the kids and the media. They always had this bad boy images with them especially in their songs. They would prefer the more boldly sexual side of rock and roll to do the opposite of what the Beatles were doing.To them, the reflection of the Mod and the rockers is that, the rockers portray the simple rock and the Mods are those who prefer different style of music like those ‘bad boy images’ songs they are creating (The Rolling Stones). This distinction is continuously manifested by rockers today. We can often watch or hear music that have foul languages or music that was anti-gov ernment. The evolution of this kind of rock and roll affects the rock industry like African Americans do.Just like the discrimination to the African American ethnic minority group which results to the division of people that loves African American music and the people who loves American music alone, the Mod music affect the industry by dividing the rock and roll lovers into two groups. The first group is the one who loves ‘classical rock’ like the ones created by The Beatles. The second group is the one who likes ‘bad boy rock and roll’ like the ones created by The Rolling Stones. References: ______________. November 10, 1999.â€Å"The American Recording Industry Announces its Artists of the Century†. June 6, 2007 from, Recording Industry Association of America Website: http://www. riaa. com/news%5Cnewsletter%5Cpress1999%5C111099. asp Freud, Charles Paul. June 2001. â€Å"Still Fab – The Beatles and their timeless influence†. June 6, 20 07 from, FindArticlesâ„ ¢ Website: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1568/is_2_33/ai_75099632 ______________. 1989. â€Å"The Rolling Stones†. June 6, 2007 from, The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc. Website: http://www. rockhall. com/inductee/the-rolling-stones

Effective Branding: Starbucks Essay

When thinking of a brand that I am loyal to the first brand that comes to mind is Starbucks. The Starbucks organization has done an amazing job of branding itself as the premiere coffee retailer worldwide. The Starbucks logo is widely recognized and is distinguishable even to non-coffee drinkers. The company has the advantage of commanding premium prices for their products that consumers are happy to pay on a daily, or even more frequent, basis. The ability to charge these premium prices resulted in 13.3 billion dollars in revenue in 2012 (The Wall Street Journal, 2013). Branding Oftentimes a successful marketing brand strategy involves consumer education (Grewal and Levy, 2012, p. 303). Starbucks did a great job of educating Americans on the coffee culture and the difference between the drip coffee made in our kitchens and latte’s or Americanos. Starbucks leveraged the consumer’s need to feel like a connoisseur and introduced them to different coffee products from around the globe (Stealing Share, 2013). Starbucks also did a very good job of making the product very visible. Starbucks stores started popping up all over Seattle first; the rest of the country was not far behind. Currently the company has 17,003 stores worldwide, with 10,787 of those stores in the United States (Statistics Brain, 2013). You cannot walk down the street in a major U.S. city without seeing a Starbucks store or a used Starbucks cup in a waste receptacle. This brand recognition happened very quickly and Starbucks didn’t have a whole lot of competition in these early days. The consumer coffee experience that Starbucks helped create could eventually lead to a need for a company brand redesign. Because coffee connoisseurs are now very knowledgeable about coffee products they expect continuous evolution. Starbucks has expanded their product line to include in-home coffee brewing products and stores located in supermarkets. This could lead to the consumer not valuing the Starbucks â€Å"experience† and turning to a lower cost competitor (Stealing Share, 2013). Packaging The most valuable asset that Starbucks has that relates to its packaging is the widely recognized Starbucks logo. The logo has evolved over the years, and was recently changed in 2011 (Corporate Eye, 2011). The logo that was used prior to 2011 included the words â€Å"Starbucks Coffee.† The redesign removes the company name entirely, and prominently features the picture that was in the center of the previous logo. Starbucks understands that their logo and brand are now recognizable without the company name similar to companies like Nike and Apple. The Starbucks cup is recognizable due to the Starbucks logo, but it also stands out for other reasons. The company was one of the first in the food and beverage industry to use recycled product in their packaging. This started with napkins and beverage sleeves, and continued with the actual cups that beverages were served in. Starbucks was one of the first companies to receive FDA approval to serve beverages in recycled paper (Food P roduction Daily, 2004). Comparison to Competitors While there a number of smaller specialty coffee retailers in the U.S., Starbucks’ most prominent competitors are Dunkin’ Donuts and McDonalds. These competitors started out as restaurants but quickly noticed the opportunities that the specialty coffee business presented. McDonalds is arguably the most recognized brand in the world and has worldwide brand recognition. The problem that McDonalds will have is educating its customers to the fact that they sell coffee. Also, McDonalds and Dunkin’ Donuts are both seen as budget-friendly companies, and this could also be a turnoff to customers seeking specialty coffee. References Grewal, D., & Levy, M. (2012). Marketing (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Food Production Daily. (2004). Starbucks corporation joins recycled packaging reviolution. Retrieved from http://www.foodproductiondaily.com/Packaging/Starbucks-joins-recycled-packaging-revolution Statistics Brain. (2013). Company statistics: Starbucks. Retrieved from http://www.statisticbrain.com/starbucks-company-statistics/ Stealing Share. (2013). Lessons we can learn from starbucks. Retrieved from http://www.stealingshare.com/pages/Lessons We Can Learn From Starbucks Failures.htm The Wall Street Journal. (2013). Starbucks Corporation.

Free Essays on General Motors

Organizational Background General Motors was founded in 1908. General Motors Corp. (NYSE: GM) has become one of the world’s largest automotive corporation vehicle manufacturers. The company employs 341,000 employees and partners with over 30,000 supplier companies worldwide. GM has manufacturer operations in more than 50 countries. General Motors has interest in digital communications. GM has more than 260 major subsidiaries, joint ventures, and affiliates around the world. GM's vision is to be the world leader in transportation products and related services. GM sold more than 8.6 million cars and trucks, nearly 15 percent of the global vehicle market. GM's global headquarters is at the GM Renaissance Center in Detroit. Richard Wagoner is the chief executive officer, president, and chairman of GM. Wagoner is responsible for the strategic and operational leadership of General Motors. GM was incorporated in 1915. General Motors has two operating segments, Automotive, communications services and other operations. It is involved in the design, manufacturing, and marketing of cars, trucks, and heavy-duty transmissions. Gm has the advantage of having a financial department, as known as GMAC, which stands for General Motors Acceptance Corporation. It provides financial services, like leasing, dealer financing, car and truck extended service contracts, residential and commercial mortgage, and vehicle and homeowners insurance. General Motors has many different types of vehicles. Names like, Chevy, Cadillac, Pontiac, GMC, Oldsmobile, Buick, and Saturn. Manufactured and marketed under the names Opel, Vauxhall, Holden, Isuzu, Saab, Buick, Chevrolet, GMC, and Cadillac, are cars that are meet the demands of customers outside of North America. GM parts and accessories are sold under the GM, GM Goodwrench and ACDelco brands through GM Service and Parts Operations. GM’s communication service is the digital entertainment, ... Free Essays on General Motors Free Essays on General Motors Organizational Background General Motors was founded in 1908. General Motors Corp. (NYSE: GM) has become one of the world’s largest automotive corporation vehicle manufacturers. The company employs 341,000 employees and partners with over 30,000 supplier companies worldwide. GM has manufacturer operations in more than 50 countries. General Motors has interest in digital communications. GM has more than 260 major subsidiaries, joint ventures, and affiliates around the world. GM's vision is to be the world leader in transportation products and related services. GM sold more than 8.6 million cars and trucks, nearly 15 percent of the global vehicle market. GM's global headquarters is at the GM Renaissance Center in Detroit. Richard Wagoner is the chief executive officer, president, and chairman of GM. Wagoner is responsible for the strategic and operational leadership of General Motors. GM was incorporated in 1915. General Motors has two operating segments, Automotive, communications services and other operations. It is involved in the design, manufacturing, and marketing of cars, trucks, and heavy-duty transmissions. Gm has the advantage of having a financial department, as known as GMAC, which stands for General Motors Acceptance Corporation. It provides financial services, like leasing, dealer financing, car and truck extended service contracts, residential and commercial mortgage, and vehicle and homeowners insurance. General Motors has many different types of vehicles. Names like, Chevy, Cadillac, Pontiac, GMC, Oldsmobile, Buick, and Saturn. Manufactured and marketed under the names Opel, Vauxhall, Holden, Isuzu, Saab, Buick, Chevrolet, GMC, and Cadillac, are cars that are meet the demands of customers outside of North America. GM parts and accessories are sold under the GM, GM Goodwrench and ACDelco brands through GM Service and Parts Operations. GM’s communication service is the digital entertainment, ...

Application of Leiningers theory to the Muslim Client

Application of Leiningers theory to the Muslim Client According to Madeleine Leininger, care is the essence and the central, unifying, and dominant domain to characterize nursing (Leininger, 1984). To Leininger, â€Å"care and culture were inextricably linked together and could not be separated in nursing care actions and decisions† (Leininger, 1988, p. 153). Her theory of cultural care diversity and universality proves particularly useful in giving care in multicultural societies such as Canada where clients from non Anglo-Saxon origins have different interpretations of care and whose strict cultural beliefs, religion makes it impossible for minimal or no acculturation of nursing care of the dominant culture. The conservative Muslim client is unique in the sense that no matter where he or she comes from, Islam dictates how the client is supposed to live their life. Embedded in Islam is what care means. Nevertheless, it is important for nurses to be cognizant of the fact that Muslims have different origins and thus different cul tures. This paper explores what some of these care practices are in Islam and how Leininger’s modes of nursing care can be used in providing culturally congruent care. Leininger conceptualizes that there are two kinds of care that exist in every culture and are important to nursing care. These are generic and professional care. Generic care is the naturalistic local, folk and familiar home care practices whereas professional care in contrast is cognitively learned, practiced and transmitted knowledge learned through formal and informal professional nursing schools (Leininger, 1991). For a nurse to provide culturally competent care the two types of care have to be in unison. In which case, the ultimate goal is to link and synthesize generic and professional care to benefit the client. Leininger developed the sunrise model to help nurses visualize components of the theory influencing human care. The model conceptually depicts the worldview, cultural and social structure dimensi ons which influence generic and professional care which in turn influences nursing care actions and decisions. The nursing care actions and decisions include cultural preservation, accommodation and repatterning. Wehbe-Alamah, Lawrence, Rozmus and Luna all agree that a nurse’s knowledge of the basic tenets of Islam is important in providing culturally congruent care to the client. They also caution that since Muslim’s originate from different places and thus different cultural backgrounds it is imperative that Muslim’s are not treated as a homogenous group. It becomes important that in addition to knowing the tenets of Islam, the nurse inquires about the folk practices of the patient. Also all articles point to Leininger’s nursing modes of repatterning, accommodation and preservation as effective methods in achieving culturally congruent care. Wehbe-Alamah relies on the research of others as well as descriptive sources in providing what care means in Isla m while Lawrence and Rozmus rely on the Koran, the Hadith and modern interpretations of those writings as their source. Luna on the other hand conducts a study in which she analyzes the meanings and experiences of care of immigrant Lebanese Muslims living in a large Midwest urban community in the US. She explores the meaning of care in the clinic, community and clinic context. Narayanasamy’s study on how nurses respond to cultural needs also cautions that nurses must be careful in stereotyping people of the same religion since their cultural needs might be different.

Corporate Governance and Compensation Research Paper

Corporate Governance and Compensation - Research Paper Example ance as â€Å"the system by which business corporations are directed and controlled†¦[specifying] the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in the corporation such as the Board, managers, shareholders and other stakeholders, and spells out the rules and procedures for making decisions on corporate affairs† (OECD, 2004, 11). A third definition is articulated by economists: â€Å"Corporate governance is a field in economics that investigates how to secure/motivate efficient management of corporations by the use of mechanisms such as contracts, organizational designs and legislation† (Fernando, 2006, 13-15). More recent literature has expanded the coverage of corporate governance to include management and financial discipline, corporate social responsibility, business ethics, stakeholder participation in decision-making, and more recently, sustainable economic development in the country in which the business operates (16). Presented in the appendix is a figure showing the comparative descriptions of the OECD and UK’s Good Governance Standards for Public Service, as they measure up to the generic principles of good governance. Executive compensation as a concern of corporate governance Before the financial crisis, there was little reason for doubting the rising pay of chief executives as set by board. The general public perception is that the board acted in a regular and informed manner when they agreed in setting the compensation level of the CEO, and that corporate governance was implemented optimally from the top of the organization. The issues that arose out of the financial crisis, however, led to the belief that the process of determining CEO compensation is not as efficient as the public were led to believe, and that significant... This essay stresses that the case of Disney’s derivative suit involving Ovitz’s morally untenable compensation package highlights the huge discrepancy between what the law requires and what is required by good corporate governance, as far as executive compensation is concerned. Presently, in determining liability and propriety the law measures executive action by the minimum standard of due care and good faith, but this case shows that it is possible for a powerful CEO to meet the minimum and still cause severe pecuniary and organizational risk to the company and its shareholders. This paper makes a conclusion that the courts decided against the derivative suit filed by the shareholders, because the board of directors were deemed to have met the minimum standard of due care, and not to have acted in bad faith as defined by the law. This does not clear Disney executives, particularly its CEO and those directors who evidently connived with him, from meeting their moral and ethical responsibility towards their shareholders and stakeholders, and is an evident display of poor corporate governance. Executive compensation and the hiring of a successor must not be left to the whims and designs of a CEO who manipulates these matters in order to retain power for himself. The terms of executive compensation and succession should be considered as legitimate by social standards and the norms and cognitive impacts on the organization.